The Samples Introduction
For black artists, certain kinds of allusions or simply signifying constitutes a crucial element of black artistic expression. And, as a rapper, Jay-Z is fond of signifying on words, phrases, and musical compositions from a wide range of source materials.
On “What More Can I Say,” Jay-Z raps, “I'm not a biter, I'm a writer for myself and others/I say a B.I.G. verse, I'm only Bigging up my brother/Bigging up my borough--I'm big enough to do it/I'm that thorough, plus I know my own flow is foolish.”
In this verse, Jay-Z attests to his lyrical abilities, explaining that he does not rip off other people’s material, but instead, lifts them up by referencing their work. Jay-Z’s intimate knowledge of music allows him to effortlessly move between genres and incorporate lines from songs ranging from the 1970s to the present day.
This section contains charts that visualize Jay-Z’s musical samples. Ultimately, Jay-Z’s music underscores the value of sampling, connecting, and signifying as a means for transmitting artistic and social ideas.
