Primary Sources

Abbott, Edith. Census Tracks of Chicago 1934: Per Cent Total Population Negro. 1936. Newberry Library, Chicago, https://archive.org/details/nby_180910.

Baron, Harold. “Title VI of the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Federal Aid Controversy in Chicago”. 1965. The University of Illinois at Chicago Library, Special Collections, Chicago, https://www-africanamericancommunities-amdigital-co-uk.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/Documents/Details/UIC_CULR_03_0027_0334.

Harold, Baron. "What Is Gautreaux?" Business and Professional for the Public Interest. https://www.bpichicago.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/what-is-gautreaux.pdf.

Secondary Sources

Aaronson, Daniel, Daniel Hartley, and Bhashkar Mazumder. “The Effects of the 1930s HOLC ‘Redlining’ Maps.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 4 (2021): 355–92.

Baron, Hal. “Childhood.” Hal Baron Project. Last modified April 7, 2022. https://halbaronproject.web.illinois.edu/omeka/items/show/13?tour=1&index=0. 

Baron, Hal. “Youth.” Hal Baron Project. Last modified June 7, 2022. https://halbaronproject.web.illinois.edu/omeka/items/show/12?tour=1&index=1. 

Berry, J.L Brian. The Open Housing Question. Cambridge: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1979.

"Chicago Campaign." The Martin Luther King, Jr. Encyclopedia. Accessed April 15, 2023. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/chicago-campaign.

Choldin, Harvey M. “Chicago Housing Authority.” Encyclopedia of Chicago. Accessed April 15, 2023. http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/253.html. 

Gross, Terry. “A ‘Forgotten History’ of how the U.S Government Segregated America.” Produced by National Public Radio. May 3, 2017. Podcast, MP3 audio, 35:45. https://www.npr.org/2017/05/03/526655831/a-forgotten-history-of-how-the-u-s-government-segregated-america 

“Housing and Race in Chicago.” Chicago Public Library. Last modified April 30, 2003. https://www.chipublib.org/housing/.

Hunt, D. Bradford “Redlining.” Encyclopedia of Chicago. Accessed April 15, 2023. http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1050.html 

Kates, Joan Giangrasse. “Hal Baron, adviser to Chicago Mayor Harold Washington, dies at 86.” Chicago Tribune, Feb. 16, 2017. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ct-harold-baron-obituary-20170216-story.html.

Maclean, Nancy. "The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Difference a Law Can Make." Labor Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 11, no. 3 (Fall 2014): 19-24.

“Public Housing and Urban Policy: Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority.” The Yale Law Journal 79, no. 4 (Spring 1970): 712-729.

Ralph, James. "Martin Luther King, Jr., in Chicago." Encyclopedia of Chicago. Accessed April 15, 2023. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1438.html.

Ralph, James. "Open Housing." Encyclopedia of Chicago. Accessed April 15, 2023. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/931.html.

Reed, Christopher Robert. "Toward the Apex of Civil Rights Activism: Antecedents of the Chicago Freedom Movement, 1965–1966." Smith, Pam et al.. The Chicago Freedom Movement: Martin Luther King Jr. and Civil Rights Activism in the North. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2016, pp. 100-112. 

Nelson, Robert K., LaDale Winling, Richard Marciano, et. al. “Mapping Inequality.” American Panorama: An Atlas of United States History. Accessed April 15, 2023. https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/

Smith, Preston H, II. “Urban League.” Encyclopedia of Chicago. Accessed April 15, 2023. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1294.html. 

Strickland, Arvarh E. “Urban League Adjustments to the ‘Negro Revolution’: A Chicago Study.” Midcontinent American Studies Journal 8, no. 1 (Spring 1967): 3-19.

Wallace Best. “Urban League.” Encyclopedia of Chicago. Accessed April 15, 2023. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/140.html

Whitehead, Karsonya Wise. "Reframing the Historical Narrative: Using the Lens of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to Examine the Civil Rights Movement." Black History Bulletin 76, no. 2 (2013): 31-33.

Williams, Jakobi. From the Bullet to the Ballot: The Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party and Racial Coalition Politics in Chicago. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.

For Further Reading