Flashing the Hazard Lights

Interrogating Discourses of Disruptive Algorithmic Technologies in LIS Education

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21900/j.alise.2023.1327

Keywords:

critical data studies, social justice informatics, critical librarianship, library and information history, chatgpt

Abstract

The increasing relevance of service algorithms and emerging technologies has landed many professions at a ‘disruptive’ crossroads. With the popular emergence of ChatGPT, a large language model from OpenAI designed to interact with users through conversations, discourses surrounding its ubiquity, potentiality, and adoption have captivated audiences. We argue that the unpredictable nature and changing capabilities of ChatGPT and other algorithmic technologies are another critical juncture in the advancement of LIS education. When given a library-oriented prompt, ChatGPT manifested biases that we normally interrogate in our ethical and professional conduct in the delivery of library services, further demonstrating the risk of algorithmic technologies  in reproducing and amplifying marginalization and replicating harm. Hence, we ‘flash the hazard lights’, so to speak, and urge a more critical analysis and precautionary consideration of the social, technological, and cultural harms enabled or perpetuated by the uncritical adoption of ChatGPT and other algorithmic technologies.

References

Abels, E. G., Howarth, L. C., & Smith, L. C. (2015). Envisioning our Information Future and How to Educate for It: A Community Conversation. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science & Technology, 52(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2015.14505201004

Agosto, D. E. (Ed.). (2018). Information literacy and libraries in the age of fake news. Libraries Unlimited.

ALA (2009, January 27). Core Competencies of Librarianship. American Library Association https://www.ala.org/educationcareers/sites/ala.org.educationcareers/files/content/careers/corecomp/corecompetences/finalcorecompstat09.pdf

Ansari, M. N. (2007). Librarian as cybrarian. Pakistan Library and Information Science Journal, 38(2), 24-31. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munira-Ansari/publication/324747733_Librarian_as_Cybrarian/links/5ae04fc1a6fdcc2935906b88/Librarian-as-Cybrarian.pdf

Bell, S. A. (2020). The informatics of domination and the necessity for feminist vigilance toward digital technology. In P. Sotirin, V.L. Bergvall, and D.L. Shoos (Eds.), Feminist Vigilance (pp.23-42). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59793-1_2

Bell, S. J., & Shank, J. (2004). The blended librarian: A blueprint for redefining the teaching and learning role of academic librarians. College & Research Libraries News, 65(7), 372–375. https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.65.7.7297

Bender, E. M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., & Shmitchell, S. (2021). On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency, pp. 610-623. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445922

Benjamin, R. (2019). Race after technology: Abolitionist tools for the new jim code. Polity Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz162

Bosque, D. D., & Lampert, C. (2009). A Chance of Storms: New Librarians Navigating Technology Tempests. Technical Services Quarterly, 26(4), 261–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317130802678878

Champelli, L. (2002). The Youth Cybrarian’s Guide to Developing Instructional, Curriculum-Related, Summer Reading, and Recreational Programs. Neal-Schuman Publishers: New York.

Cooke, N. A. (2017). Posttruth, Truthiness, and Alternative Facts: Information Behavior and Critical Information Consumption for a New Age. The Library Quarterly, 87(3), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1086/692298

Crawford, K. (2021). The atlas of AI: Power, politics, and the planetary costs of artificial intelligence. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300252392

Cronin, B. (2012). The waxing and waning of a field: reflections on information studies education. Information Research: An International Electronic Journal, 17(3), n3. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ984787

Dalton, C. M., Taylor, L., & Thatcher, J. (2016). Critical data studies: A dialog on data and space. Big Data & Society, 3(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951716648346

Davis, A. Y., Dent, G., Meiners, E. R., & Richie, B. E. (2022). Abolition. Feminism. Now (Vol. 2). Haymarket Books.

De Paor, S., & Heravi, B. (2020). Information literacy and fake news: How the field of librarianship can help combat the epidemic of fake news. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 46(5), 102-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102218

Dillon, A., & Norris, A. (2005). Crying wolf: An examination and reconsideration of the perception of crisis in LIS education. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 46(4), 280-298. https://doi.org/10.2307/40323908

Drabinski, E. (2013). Queering the Catalog: Queer Theory and the Politics of Correction. Library Quarterly, 83(2), 94–111. https://doi.org/10.1086/669547

Duarte, M. E., & Belarde-Lewis, M. (2015). Imagining: Creating Spaces for Indigenous Ontologies. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 53(5–6), 677–702. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2015.1018396

Eubanks, V. (2018). Automating inequality: How high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor. St. Martin's Press.

Gray, M. L., & Suri, S. (2019). Ghost work: How to stop Silicon Valley from building a new global underclass. Eamon Dolan Books.

Haraway, D. (1991) A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist-Feminism in the 1980s. In Nicholson, L. (ed.), Feminism/Post-Modernism (pp. 190-233). Routledge: New York.

Head, A. J., Fister, B., & MacMillan, M. (2020). Information Literacy in the Age of Algorithms: Student Experiences with News and Information, and the Need for Change. In Project Information Literacy. Project Information Literacy. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED605109

Heilbroner, R. L. (1967). Do machines make history?. Technology and culture, 8(3), 335-345. https://doi.org/10.2307/3101719

Herman, D. (2022, December 9). The End of High School English. The Atlantic. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/12/openai-chatgpt-writing-high-school-english-essay/672412/

Hicks, D. (Ed.). (2013). Technology and Professional Identity of Librarians: The Making of the Cybrarian: The Making of the Cybrarian. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4735-0

Johnson, I. M. (1999). Librarians and the informed user: Reorienting library and information science education for the “information society”. Librarian Career Development, 7(4), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.1108/09680819910276941

Kincheloe, J. L. (2008). Critical Pedagogy Primer. Peter Lang.

Kitchin, R., & Lauriault, T. (2014). Towards critical data studies: Charting and unpacking data assemblages and their work. Social Science Research Network: Tomorrow’s Research Today. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2474112

Lamdan, S. (2022). Data Cartels: The Companies that Control and Monopolize Our Information. Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503633728

Lloyd, A. (2019). Chasing Frankenstein’s monster: Information literacy in the black box society. Journal of Documentation, 75(6), 1475–1485. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-02-2019-0035

Mohamed, S., Png, M.-T., & Isaac, W. (2020). Decolonial AI: Decolonial Theory as Sociotechnical Foresight in Artificial Intelligence. Philosophy & Technology, 33(4), 659–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00405-8

Marion, L. (2001). Digital librarian, cybrarian, or librarian with specialized skills: who will staff digital libraries?. ACRL Tenth National Conference, pp. 143-149. https://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlevents/marion.pdf

Means, A. (2015). On Accelerationism—Decolonizing Technoscience through Critical Pedagogy. Journal for Activist Science and Technology Education, 6(1), 1-8. https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/jaste/article/view/22502

McCaslin, D. (2009). Access Services Education in Library and Information Science Programs. Journal of Access Services, 6(4), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/15367960903149409

Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. NYU Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1pwt9w5

O’Hara, I. (2021). Feedback Loops: Algorithmic Authority, Emergent Biases, and Implications for Information Literacy. Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice, 9(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2021.231

O’Hara, I. (2022). Automated Epistemology: Bots, Computational Propaganda & Information Literacy Instruction. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 48(4), 102540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102540

Oliphant, T. (2017). A case for critical data studies in Library and Information Studies. Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies, 1(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.24242/jclis.v1i1.22

Palfrey, J. (2015). BiblioTech: Why libraries matter more than ever in the age of Google. Basic Books.

Patin, B., Sebastian, M., Yeon, J., Bertolini, D., & Grimm, A. (2021a). Interrupting epistemicide: A practical framework for naming, identifying, and ending epistemic injustice in the information professions. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 72(10), 1306-1318. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24479

Patin, B., Sebastian, M., Yeon, J., Bertolini, D., & Grimm, A. (2021b). The Mis-Education of the Librarian: Addressing curricular injustice in the LIS classroom through social justice pedagogy. In B. Mehra (Ed.), Social justice design and implementation in library and information science (pp.175-189). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003129219-16

Perrigo, B. (2023, January 18). OpenAI used Kenyan workers on less than $2 per hour: Exclusive. Time. Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers/

Prabhakaran, A., & Mishr, H. K. (2012). Technological Change in Libraries: The Evolution of Techno Stress. Researchers World, 3(1), 131–135. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/technological-change-libraries-evolution-techno/docview/1009889425/se-2

Raju, J. (2017). Information professional or IT professional?: the knowledge and skills required by academic librarians in the digital library environment. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 17(4), 739-757. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2017.0044

Raju, J. (2020). Future LIS education and evolving global competency requirements for the digital information environment: An epistemological overview. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 61(3), 342-356. https://doi.org/10.3138/jelis.61.3.2019-0088

Reidsma, M. (2019). Masked by Trust: Bias in Library Discovery. Litwin Books.

Ridley, M., & Pawlick-Potts, D. (2021). Algorithmic Literacy and the Role for Libraries. Information Technology & Libraries, 40(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i2.12963

Shiri, A. (2023, February 6). ChatGPT and academic integrity. Information Matters, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4360052

Singh, V., & Mehra, B. (2013). Strengths and weaknesses of the Information Technology curriculum in Library and Information Science graduate programs. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 45(3), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000612448206

Tacheva, Z. & Ramasubramanian, S. (2023). Challenging AI Empire: Toward a Decolonial and Queer Framework of Data Resurgence. Advance. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.22012724

Taylor, A. (2018, Aug. 1). The Automation Charade. Logic Magazine. Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://logicmag.io/failure/the-automation-charade/

Tait, E., & Pierson, C. M. (2022). Artificial Intelligence and Robots in Libraries: Opportunities in LIS Curriculum for Preparing the Librarians of Tomorrow. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 71(3), 256–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750158.2022.2081111

Tewell, E. (2016). Toward the Resistant Reading of Information: Google, Resistant Spectatorship, and Critical Information Literacy. Portal: Libraries & the Academy, 16(2), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2016.0017

Van House, N., & Sutton, S. A. (1996). The panda syndrome: an ecology of LIS education. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 37(2), 131-147. https://doi.org/10.2307/40324268

Weeks, M. R. (2015). Is disruption theory wearing new clothes or just naked? Analyzing recent critiques of disruptive innovation theory. Innovation, 17(4), 417-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2015.1061896

Youngman, T., Modrow, S., Smith, M., & Patin, B. (2022). Epistemicide on the record: Theorizing commemorative injustice and reimagining interdisciplinary discourses in cultural information studies. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 59(1), 358-367. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.759

Downloads

Published

2023-09-29

Issue

Section

Juried Papers